解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Cellular signaling and regulatory cascades often rely on post-translational modification of proteins, particularly phosphorylation, to quickly and effectively relay signals from a variety of inputs. Numerous kinases, the effectors of phosphorylation, and kinase networks have been implicated in human diseases. Until re...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.017
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ADP-ribosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is critically involved in a wide array of biological processes connected to cell stress responses. Enzymes known as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the addition of the ADP-ribose units to amino acids with various side chain chemistries. In...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.024
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate protein structure determination by solution-state NMR is challenging for proteins greater than about 20kDa, for which extensive perdeuteration is generally required, providing experimental data that are incomplete (sparse) and ambiguous. However, the massive increase in evolutionary sequence information coupl...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.11.004
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because polysaccharides have very complicated chemical structures constructed by a great diversity of monosaccharide residues and glycosidic linkages, enzymatic approaches have been identified as powerful tools to precisely synthesize polysaccharides as the reactions progress in highly controlled regio- and stereoarra...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.009
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precise investigation and manipulation of gene function often require modulation in a controlled and dynamic manner. In this chapter, we describe the methods to apply HIT systems for drug inducible transcriptional activation or simultaneous activation and genome editing in human cells. Together with those for editing,...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.032
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances have demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of chemical synthesis for the production of homogeneously glycosylated protein forms (glycoforms). By taking advantage of the unmatchable flexibility and precision provided by chemical synthesis, the quantitative effects of glycosylation were obtained us...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.030
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-cell analysis of cellular contents by highly sensitive analytical instruments is known as chemical cytometry. A chemical cytometer typically samples one cell at a time, quantifies the cellular contents of interest, and then processes and reports that data. Automation adds the potential to perform this entire se...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.016
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody unfolding and aggregation have been gaining increasing concern as the need for pharmaceutical antibodies with high quality has increased. Assays for continuous application of severe stress to antibodies, which are typically employed to evaluate tolerance to aggregation or to understand the mechanism of aggreg...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.021
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and are a crucial part of solving its mysteries. Originally assumed to be passive supporting cells, astrocyte's functions are now recognized to include active modulation and information processing at the neural synapse. The full extent of the astrocyte contributi...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.006
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental screening for protein-ligand interactions is a central task in drug discovery. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the determination of binding affinities, as well as the measurement of structural and dynamic parameters governing the interaction. With traditional liquid-state NMR relying...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.08.016
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of chemical or conformational exchange in NMR spectroscopy has enabled detailed characterization of time-dependent aspects of biomolecular function, including folding, molecular recognition, allostery, and catalysis, on timescales from microsecond to second. Importantly, NMR methods based on a variety o...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.028
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gasdermin (GSDM) family consists of gasdermin A (GSDMA), B (GSDMB), C (GSDMC), D (GSDMD), E or DNFA5 (GSDME), and DFNB59 in human. Expressed in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and various immune cells, GSDMs mediate homeostasis and inflammation upon activation by caspases and unknown proteases. In particular, GS...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.024
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system provides host defense against a variety of threats, including microbial infection and cellular damage. Pattern recognition receptors identify both pathogen and damage associated molecular motifs associated with these events. Nucleic acid is one such danger signal that is detected by a set of c...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.005
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex synthetic schemes catalyzed by multienzyme systems immobilized on solid materials are gaining momentum in chemical biomanufacturing. These systems harness the high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of the enzymes and the recyclability of the heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, when the enzymes become part o...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.013
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis is a complex enzymatic assembly responsible for producing a great diversity of bioactive peptide natural products. Due to the recurring arrangement of catalytic domains within these machineries, great interest has been shown in reengineering these pathways to produce novel, designer p...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.008
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High content, phenotypic screens offer a powerful approach to systems biology at the cellular level. The approach employs cells carrying fluorescently labeled molecules or organelles in 384- or 1536-well microplates, and an automated confocal screening microscope for capturing images from each well. Although some spec...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.021
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases couple the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate to the pumping of ions (sodium or protons) across a membrane in order to generate an electrochemical gradient. This class of membrane protein is widely conserved across plants, fungi, archaea, and bacteria, but absent in multicellular ani...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.017
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymes in the α-d-phosphohexomutase (PHM) superfamily catalyze a multistep reaction, entailing two successive phosphoryl transfers. Key to this reaction is a conserved phosphoserine in the active site, which serves alternately as a phosphoryl donor and acceptor during the catalytic cycle. In addition to its role in t...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.003
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unexpected discovery of graphene and especially the follow-up explosion of interest in its properties and applications marked the beginning of a new carbon era. Graphene-based nanostructured materials are highly useful because they show great promise in the field of biotechnology and biomedicine. Owing to their un...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.05.013
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were demonstrated in the past decade as biocompatible carbon-based materials that could be efficiently used in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). Specifically, for redox enzyme encapsulation in order to improve electron communication between enzymes and electrodes. ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.05.008
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbial production of commodity, fine, and specialty chemicals is a driving force in biotechnology. An essential requirement is to introduce biosynthetic pathways to the target compound(s) into chassis organisms. First suitable enzymes must be selected and characterized, and then genetic pathways must be designe...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.011
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) demethylase is a tetrahydrofolate-dependent enzyme that initiates the DMSP demethylation pathway in marine bacteria. This enzyme is important for understanding of organic sulfur flux from the oceans because it directs the sulfur from DMSP away from dimethylsulfide. This enzyme has bee...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.03.001
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aliphatic carbon-halogen (C-X) bonds are prevalent in modern pharmaceuticals and bioactive natural products. Three distinct chemical strategies are known in Nature to generate these structural motifs. The first is via the nucleophilic substitution at a prefunctionalized electrophilic carbon center with a halide anion ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.02.015
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many DNA repair enzymes, including the human adenine glycosylase MUTYH, require iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster cofactors for DNA damage recognition and subsequent repair. MUTYH prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs are a family of adenine (A) glycosylases that cleave A when mispaired with the oxidatively damaged guanine les...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2017.12.006
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins are involved in numerous key biological functions such as respiration, metabolic processes, protein translation, DNA synthesis, and DNA repair. The simplest types of Fe/S clusters include [2Fe-2S], [3Fe-4S], and [4Fe-4S] forms that sometimes are present in multiple copies. De novo assembly ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2017.11.034
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two factors, climate change brought on by rising atmospheric CO2 levels and the accelerating shift toward renewable energy sources, have together worked to heighten interest in understanding how biological catalysts so effectively bring about the reduction of CO2 to formate, with potential applications for both biorem...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.013
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane fission, which divides membrane surfaces into separate compartments, is essential to diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking and cell division. Quantitative assays are needed to elucidate the physical mechanisms by which proteins drive membrane fission. Toward this goal, several experimental...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.08.014
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) sample structurally diverse ensembles. Characterizing the underlying distributions of conformations is a key step toward understanding the structural and functional properties of IDPs. One increasingly popular method for obtaining quantitative information on intramolecular dist...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.030
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive major human pathogen involved in a wide range of human infectious diseases (from minor skin infections to septicemia, endocarditis or toxic shock syndrome). The treatment of S. aureus infections is very challenging due to the emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates....
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.08.022
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contemporary high-throughput sequencing methods, notably RNA-Seq, permit the systematic identification and characterization of transcripts whose levels change significantly in response to altered biological states. We have described methods for the application of this methodology to a definition of the transcripts reg...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.005
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::PqqE is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the redox cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), catalyzing the formation of a carbon-carbon bond in the precursor peptide PqqA. PqqE is a radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) (RS) enzyme, a family of enzymes that use the reductive cleavage of a [4Fe-4S] clust...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.002
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transfer RNA is extensively modified by the actions of a variety of enzymes. The radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine enzyme TYW1 modifies tRNAPhe forming the characteristic tricyclic ring via the condensation of carbons 2 and 3 of pyruvate. This chapter details methods that are required for studies of TYW1. ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.024
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-hybrid systems are one of the most popular, preferred, cost effective, and scalable in vivo genetic approaches for screening protein-protein interactions. A number of variants of yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems exist, rendering them ideal for modern, flexible proteomics-driven studies. For mapping protein i...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.10.020
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virtually all eukaryotic cell functions and signaling pathways are regulated by protein phosphorylation. The Rad53 kinase plays crucial roles in the DNA damage response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is widely used as a surrogate marker for DNA damage checkpoint activation by diverse genotoxic agents. Most currently ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.032
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transporters are crucial in a number of cellular functions, including nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and toxin removal. As such, transporters are important drug targets and their malfunction is related to several disease states. Treating transporter-related diseases and developing pharmaceuticals targeting transport...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2017.05.012
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hsp70 chaperones and their obligatory J-protein cochaperones function together in many cellular processes. Via cycles of binding to short stretches of exposed amino acids on substrate proteins, Hsp70/J-protein chaperones not only facilitate protein folding but also drive intracellular protein transport, biogenesis of ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to efficiently modulate autophagy activity is paramount in the study of the field. Conventional broad-range autophagy inhibitors and genetic manipulation using RNA interference (RNAi), although widely used in autophagy research, are often limited in specificity or efficacy. In this chapter, we address the ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.076
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a catabolic process that is crucial for cellular homeostasis and adaptive response to changing environments. Importantly, autophagy has been shown to be induced in many longevity-associated scenarios and to be required to maintain lifespan extension. Notably, autophagy is a highly conserved cellular proce...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.086
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely acknowledged that mitochondria are highly active structures that rapidly respond to cellular and environmental perturbations by changing their shape, number, and distribution. Mitochondrial remodeling is a key component of diverse biological processes, ranging from cell cycle progression to autophagy. In ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.080
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is an extremely dynamic process that mediates the rapid degradation of intracellular components in response to different stress conditions. The autophagic response is executed by specific protein complexes, whose function is regulated by posttranslational modifications and interactions with positive and nega...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.069
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00